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Atomic battery, also known as nuclear battery, tritium battery and radioisotope generator, is a device which converts energy from the decay of a radioisotope into electricity. Atomic battery has extremely long life because the radioactive isotopes it uses have long half-life, such as 90Sr isotope with half-life of 28 years, 238Pu isotope with half-life of 89.6 years, 210Po isotope with half-life of 138.4 days. In addition, the energy magnitude from the decay and the speed of the decay are not affected by temperature, pressure, chemical reaction, electromagnetic field of the external environment. So the atomic battery is mainly used as power sources for equipment that must operate unattended for a long time, such as spacecraft, pacemakers, underwater listener, satellites, relay stations of submarine cable, offshore beacon and automated scientific stations in remote parts of the world. Atomic battery is cylindrical in shape. Radioisotope sources are sealed in the center of the cylinder, the outside of it is a thermionic converter or thermocouple transducer. Outer layer of the transducer is radiation shielding, metal tube is at outer most layer. Tungsten alloy atomic battery radiation shielding can be used as the shielding for atomic battery.

Atomic battery uses radioisotopes that produce low energy β particles or sometimes α particles of varying energies. β particle is a high-energy, high-speed positron or electron emitted in the decay of a radionuclide in the process ofβdecay. β particles are a type of ionizing radiation and are capable of penetrating living objects to a certain extent and can change the structure of DNA molecules to cause spontaneous mutation. α particle, likes helium nucleus, consists of two protons and two neutrons and has a net spin of zero. α particle is a highly ionizing form of particle radiation generally produced in the process of α decay. When α particle is ingested or inhaled, it is far more dangerous than its half-life or decay rate would suggest, on account of the high relative biological effectiveness of α radiation to cause biological damage, after α particles enter living cells.  

Tungsten alloy atomic battery radiation shielding has a good shielding effectiveness to radioactive material. Tungsten alloy is a tungsten-based alloy joining other elements. In all the metals, tungsten has the highest melting point, and has high density, high strength, high hardness, good wear resistance and other properties. According to the research, the shielding effectiveness of a metal material is closely related to its density, the shielding effectiveness increases with the increasing of density, thus the high-density tungsten alloy urge the radiation shielding effectiveness of such atomic battery radiation shielding to reach high.